Tema Port, Ghana's largest port, is facing increasing congestion, impacting terminal operations, road transport, cargo inspection, and supply chain costs.

Delayed returns of empty containers, extended truck queues, clearance backlogs, and vessel waiting times exceeding 40 days have driven up import and logistics costs. Local traders and industry groups, including the Ghana Shippers' Authority (GSA), have urged action to address these challenges.

The most pressing issue is the backlog of empty containers. Some shipping lines have failed to transfer empty containers to depots quickly, leaving terminal space occupied and limiting capacity for laden containers. Trucks entering the port face delays of up to a week, creating a ripple effect of reduced yard space, restricted laden container movement, delayed clearance, and rising charges. The Ghana Union of Traders' Associations (GUTA) has called for urgent coordination between the Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority (GPHA) and shipping lines to resolve this issue.

Rapid cargo volume growth has further strained port infrastructure. Container throughput has risen from 700,000 TEU in 2020 to an expected 2.7 million TEU in 2025. While the expansion of Terminal 3 has improved handling capacity, external road networks, inland depots, and distribution systems have struggled to keep up. A planned eight-lane road project to support the port's operations has yet to begin.

Inspection inefficiencies are another key contributor to delays. Approximately 70% of containers at Tema Port undergo physical inspections, far exceeding the global benchmark of 10%. This slows clearance processes and increases costs for businesses. ICC Ghana has called for improved coordination among regulatory agencies and the introduction of simultaneous inspections to expedite cargo clearance for low-risk shipments.

Industry-specific impacts are also apparent. The Ghana Cement Manufacturers Association has introduced a temporary demurrage surcharge of GHS 12 per bag due to increased vessel waiting times for clinker shipments, which now average 30-40 days. Demurrage costs for the cement sector have reached up to USD 50 million in 2026 alone.

To address these issues, Ghanaian authorities are working to improve coordination, expedite container evacuation, optimize yard utilization, and enhance clearance processes. However, with the peak Christmas import season approaching, sustained efforts will be required to alleviate congestion and ensure smoother operations at Tema Port. Businesses are advised to plan for delays and monitor port developments closely.